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‘Learn Spanish’ Lesson And The Present Perfect Tense
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This Spanish Grammar lesson covers the Present Perfect Tense. Similar to English, the Present Perfect Tense in Spanish is a compound tense that is used frequently, and quite straightforward to learn. The Present Perfect is a compound tense as it requires an auxiliary verb, haber (to have) and the past participle of the verb. As in English, the verb haber at all times comes before the present participle.
The conjugation sample is as follows:
To Have (Present tense) + Past Participle
Here is an example of the Present Perfect Tense in English:
Carl has worked quite a bit this year.
In the above example, the verb “has worked” is in the Present Perfect Tense as it indicates a fact or an act in the past. However it also indicates a time period that has not completely elapsed.
Another use for the Present Perfect Tense that is similar to the previous example, is to express an action that has taken place, but whose time has not been positively established.
Here is one other example of the Present Perfect Tense in English:
Martha has eaten very little.
In this example, the verb “has eaten” is in the Present Perfect Tense to express that Martha ate in the past. However, it implies that a particular time in which this occurred has not been determined.
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To understand this tense better|, let’s evaluate the conjugation of the auxiliary verb haber in the Present Perfect Tense:
Yo he (I have) nosotros hemos (we have)
t? has (you have) ellos han (they have)
?l ha (he has) ellas han (they have)
Ella ha (she has) ustedes han (you have)
Usted ha (you have)
Bear in mind, with haber conjugated in the present tense, all that needs to be included is the past participle of the verb that is intended.
With this in mind, what follows is the conjugation for the Present Perfect Tense for -ar verbs.
Hablar (To Speak) Past Participle: Hablado (Spoken)
Yo he hablado (I have spoken) nosotros hemos hablado (we’ve spoken)
t? has hablado (you’ve spoken) ellos han hablado (they’ve spoken)
?l ha hablado (he has spoken) ellas han hablado (they’ve spoken)
ella ha hablado (she has spoken) ustedes han hablado (you’ve spoken)
usted ha hablado (you’ve spoken)
Here is an example with hablar:
Jaime ha hablado mucho de su boda.
(Jaime has spoken quite a bit about his wedding.)
Once again, notice how similar the conjugation sample for the Present Perfect Tense is in Spanish and English. The auxiliary verb haber (to have) at all times comes before the past participle of the verb.
Conjugations for normal -er and and -ir verbs mirror a similar pattern.
Comer (to eat) Past Particple: Comido (Eaten)
Yo he comido (I have eaten) nosotros hemos comido (we’ve eaten)
t? has comido (you’ve eaten) ellos han comido (they’ve eaten)
?l ha comido (he has eaten) ellas han comido (they’ve eaten)
ella ha comido (she has eaten) ustedes han comido (you’ve eaten)
usted ha comido (you’ve eaten)
Here is an example with comer:
He comido mucho hoy. (I have eaten so much today.)
Salir (to go out) Past Participle: Salido (Gone out)
Yo he salido (I have gone out) nosotros hemos salido (we have gone out)
t? has salido (you’ve gone out) ellos han salido (they’ve gone out)
?l ha salido (he has gone out) ellas han salido (they’ve gone out)
ella ha salido (she has gone out) ustedes han salido (you’ve gone out)
usted ha salido (you’ve gone out)
Here is an example with salir:
Juan Carlos ha salido mucho esta noche.
(Juan Carlos has gone out so much tonight.)
Even the verb ir, which is generally an irregular verb in Spanish, has a regular conjugation in the Present Perfect.
Ir (to go) Past Participle: Ido (gone)
Yo he ido (I have gone) nosotros hemos ido (we’ve gone)
t? has ido (you’ve gone) ellos han ido (they’ve gone)
?l ha ido (he has gone) ellas han ido (they’ve gone)
Ella ha ido (she has gone) ustedes han ido (you’ve gone)
Usted ha ido (you’ve gone)
What follows are a couple of examples using the Present Perfect Tense:
Andr?s ha pensado mucho en su pa?s.
(Andr?s has thought quite a bit about his country.)
Mi vecina Rosa y su hija Carmen han estado en casa todo el d?a.
(My neighbor and her daughter Carmen have been home all day.)
La Rep?blica Dominicana ha producido peloteros excelentes.
(The Dominican Republic has produced glorious baseball players.)
Este a?o, hemos donado nuestras computadoras a esa organizaci?n.
(This year, we’ve donated our computers to that organization.)
He estado en Nueva York desde el a?o 2000.
(I have been in New York since the year 2000.)
Usted ha estado de dieta.
(You’ve been on a diet.)
Regardless of the Present Perfect’s relatively easy conjugation, it must be noted that the Present Perfect Tense is also used with reflexive verbs.
This is expressed in the following example:
Mi pap? se ha afeitado hoy.
(My father has shaved today.)
Notice how the beforehand discussed sample for the Present Perfect Tense is repeated. The one difference is that the reflexive pronoun should come before the auxiliary verb haber and before the past participle of the verb.
Reflexive Pronoun + Present tense of Haber + Past Participle
Different examples of reflexive verbs in the Present Perfect Tense are:
Me he cansado mucho hoy.
(I have been tired a lot today.)
El beb? de Juanita se ha enfermado.
(Juanita’s child has gotten sick.)
Las muchachas se han divertido en el parque.
(The girls have had fun in the park.)
Te has sentado.
(You’ve sat down.)
Now let’s try a couple of exercises. Translate the following into Spanish. The answers follow the exercise.
1. My friends have eaten my food.
2. Have you brushed your teeth?
3. Mariaelena and I have gone out to play.
4. The volunteer docs have helped them a lot.
5. Roberto and Ana have gotten married.
6. Our son John has visited his aunt and uncle.
7. David has talked a lot during the class.
8. Frida has wanted to go to school early.
1. Mis amigos han comido mi comida.
2. ?Te has cepillado los dientes?
3. Mariaelena y yo hemos salido a jugar.
4. Los doctores voluntarios los han ayudado mucho.
5. Roberto y Ana se han casado.
6. Nuestro hijo John ha visitado a sus tios.
7. David ha hablado mucho durante la clase.
8. Frida ha querido ir a la escuela temprano.
‘Learn Spanish’ Lesson And The Past Participle
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In this Spanish lesson we are going to learn the Past Participle and its different uses. Though this lesson is definitely briefer than past lessons, the Past Participle is essential if you want to learn how to speak Spanish. Its formation is sort of simple. As in English, the Past Participle in Spanish is a central aspect in most topics of discussion.
Generally, the Past Participle is best understood as having 4 distinct uses that embrace past and present actions, and adjectives. Although this range in usage seems broad, understanding each specific use could be learned and applied quite simply with practice. The Past Participle is quite simple to form. For -ar verbs, an -ado is added to the verb’s stem.
For instance:
The stem of the verb hablar (to speak) is habl. With this in mind, an -ado is added to habl to form the Past Participle for hablar: hablado.
The formation of the Past Participle for -er and -ir verbs parallel this pattern. Nevertheless, an -ido is added to the er or ir verb’s stem.
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For instance:
In the case of the verb beber (to drink), its stem is beb. An -ido is then added to beb to type its Past Participle: bebido.
Similarly, to form the Past Participle for salir (to go out) an -ido is added to its stem, sal. Its Past Participle is: salido.
With the Past Participle’s basic format in mind, what follows are examples of it for both regular and irregular verbs:
Examples of the Regular Past Participle:
Infinitive Past Participle
estar (to be) estado
bailar (to dance) bailado
cenar (to eat supper) cenado
almorzar (to eat lunch) almorzado
desayunar (to eat breakfast) desayunado
limpiar (to clean) limpiado
dar (to provide) dado
llorar (to cry) llorado
lloviznar (to drizzle) lloviznado
tener (to have) tenido
creer (to believe) creido
leer (to read) leido
querer (to want, to love) querido
partir (to go away) partido
ir (to go) ido
vivir (to live) vivido
dormir (to sleep) dormido
Examples of the Irregular Past Participle:
Infinitive Past Participle
poner (to put) puesto
ver (to see) visto
volver (to return) vuelto
resolver (to resolve) resuelto
escribir (to write) escrito
abrir (to open) abierto
hacer (to make) hecho
satisfacer (to satisfy) satisfecho
morir (to die) muerto
decir (to say) dicho
cubrir (to cover) cubierto
The 4 important uses of the Past Participle are as follows:
1. The Past Participle is usually used in compound tenses with the auxiliary verb haber (to have). We have seen this use in the Lesson on the Present Perfect Tense. In the Present Perfect Tense the past participle of the sentence’s main verb is added to haber to specific a past action that has not utterly elapsed.
Let’s briefly overview this use:
Juana ha estado en su cuarto todo el d?a.
(Juana has been in her room all day)
He querido ir a California.
(I have wished to go to California.)
Mario ha vivido en Bogota.
(Mario has lived in Bogota.)
2. The Past Participle is used for the passive voice and usually follows the verbs ser or estar (to be). When the Past Participle reflects the passive voice, it must agree with the subject’s gender and number.
For instance:
El papa de Diego esta herido.
(Diego’s father is hurt.)
La hermana de Rogelio esta cansada.
(Rogelio’s sister is tired.)
3. At times, the verbs llevar and tener are used instead of the verb haber in compound tenses (as in the Present Perfect Tense). When this occurs, the Past Participle must agree with the attribute’s gender and number. Though this use may seem awkward, think of it as forming an alternate expression for indefinite past actions.
For instance:
Tengo hecha la comida.
(I have made the food.)
Juan lleva pagada la cuenta.
(Juan has paid the check.)
4. The Past Participle can also be used as an adjective. Needless to say for this use, the Past Participle acts as an adjective and must agree in gender and number with the noun.
For instance:
Un vestido hecho a mano
(A dress made by hand)
Un hombre educado
(An educated man)
Un beb? mimado
(A spoiled baby)
Now let’s try a couple of exercises. Translate the following into Spanish. The answers follow the exercise.
1. An opened door
2. A cleaned room
3. We have spoken.
4. Juan has cooked.
5. A cooked hen
6. Roberta’s brother is tired.
7. Juana’s mom is educated.
8. Marcos has made the dessert.
9. She has opened the door.
10. Have you ever seen Milagros?
1. Una puerta abierta
2. Un cuarto limpiado
3. Hemos hablado.
4. Juan ha cocinado.
5. Un pollo cocinado
6. El hermano de Roberta est? cansado.
7. La madre de Juana es educada.
8. Marcos tiene hecho el postre.
9. Ella ha abierto la puerta.
10. ?Has visto a Milagros?
Learn How To Speak Spanish By Way Of These Easy Four Methods!
It is natural to really feel so much enthusiasm once you decide on, let’s say, learning a brand new language, and additionally it is natural to really feel impatient in case you soon discover out that it will take time for you to become proficient. See this part for extra information on learning to speak Spanish. But in case you’re looking for a sooner manner to do so, then here’s the fun and easy low downs on what to do. The Web is an absolute Godsend for people who are learning to talk Spanish and the YouTube website is a free useful resource that can actually assist you with your Spanish. Another solution to have an hour or two to apply your Spanish is maybe to sit infront of your tv and watch a news report in Spanish or hearken to some Spanish music. But if sitting infront of the television shouldn’t be traditional for you however sitting infront of the pc is, so I’m fairly certain you may just go to YouTube and search these form of movies: News In Spanish, Noticias, El Clima De Hoy, Mexico Climate Forecast, Spanish Music, Music In Spanish, Spanish Music Videos. It can be good to have a Spanish translator with your music.
Well, it is true which you could’t grasp a language overnight and immediately use it the next day to the next individual you meet. In the middle of learning, you would possibly really feel that you’re not making any progress, however that is normal. Fear of making embarrassing errors may also creep in and this fear can be so robust that many students avoid talking Spanish every time possible. There’s a very frequent Spanish phrase I am certain you are conversant in to bear in mind here: ¡Tranquilo! – Calm! Be kind to your self, cut your self some slack and give your self the time to learn to talk Spanish properly and to tune-in your ear to the sounds of the Spanish language. It is not straightforward for certain, and you’ll make errors – all non-native speakers do! – however settle for this and resolve to learn from them so that you enhance your Spanish, you’ll even look back at them and have a great chuckle! Don’t let the fear of constructing errors cease you from talking Spanish, go out and speak it as often as you may and the extra you speak the language the extra you’ll enhance and most important of all: Have fun! Repetition is the key to mastery, so make certain to have not less than an hour to apply everyday.
It is mostly a cool and easy manner to enhance your Spanish! Miguel is a very good buddy of mine, he’s from the Basque Nation and he speaks English so fluently he was capable of achieve his diploma in Bioinformatics totally in English while residing in England! His instructed me that he learn as a lot poetry as he could. So, in case you seek for Treasury Of Spanish Love Poems, Quotations and Proverbs By Juan Serrano you may apply your Spanish by maybe reading not less than two poems a day. It is handy to find out about Spanish pod in this article. Lastly, incorporating into your hobbies and pastimes your apply will assist you learn to talk Spanish even more.
Confidently Communicate In Spanish
Spanish has turn into a well-liked language amongst different countries. Even in the U.S. it has turn out to be a common language.No wonder why lots of people are eager to be taught the Spanish language. If you are looking for information about learn how to speak Spanish, click right here to seek out more. There are numerous methods you may be taught Spanish and the best way is through online. You will acquire an advantage in your personality. For instance, when you travel world wide you’ll be able to converse confidently with so many people that speak the Spanish language. You may even apply for jobs that provides higher salary in case you are bilingual. When you get your Spanish lesson from the web, you can be leaving the comforts of your home, and you can simply sit infront of your pc for hours.
Learning Spanish classes inside a classroom is said to be costly and time consuming. But if you choose learning Spanish online then it can save you plenty of money. So why select to be taught inside a classroom when you possibly can confidently practice inside your house with no teacher breathing down your neck? Speaking Spanish fluently and confidently isn’t tough to achieve because there are such a lot of programs that you could select online.
You can simply select a very good online program which might blend in together with your wants as well as your time. You may even incorporate fun while learning! These online programs readily have written tutorials, interactive video games, or learning materials. It has interaction via multimedia videos and you can be taught through the use of music. You can find many program online. There are packages and most popular and generally on the higher end just like Rosetta Stone. But then we also must keep watch of what we spend. So, don’t fear because Spanish online courses are available in low-cost costs too.
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Specific Suggestions About Methods To Learn Spanish Now
Anybody that wants to learn spanish online may benefit from some useful methods for learning. Firstly, you need to find out how you remember things you want to recall. It may be that you can easily remember things you’ve heard, you’ve seen, or things you have done. One of the most popular ways for learning is to simply put yourself in the environment where the language you are studying is spoken everywhere. This is called immersion. If this is not a choice then making friends at speak Spanish, or finding a tutor to meet in person or online is key. No matter which way you would like to learn another language today there are many different methods to do it.
These days there are many different types of methods for learning such as with a language training. This may be that you are simply someone who can remember things they see, things they hear, or recall what you do when interacting. Generally these three ways are how many people recall something in memory, so whenever you find out which is best for you, you are on your way.
For those people that are great listeners, it might be the best way for you to study the Spanish language. This can be done simply by speaking to someone on the Internet who is from Spain, or listening to the radio. Anyway you can hear the native language being spoken is going to help you learn and recall phrases and words that are vital to you becoming fluent.
For anyone that can easily remember something simply by seeing it you may be a person who learns by sight. This is called a visual learner, and those that can easily retain information this way may like to study in a few ways. This includes using flashcards, writing words down, running on a chalkboard or using pictures with words. This may increase your ability to recall things quickly when you need to speak.
One of the most sought after experiences for studying a foreign language is to immerse themselves in a country where it is spoken. This might be simply to visit the country for two weeks, or just move there. Doing this can offer one of the quickest ways to obtain additional vocabulary, and use it on a daily basis.
A good way to study at home if you cannot travel abroad is to simply get in touch with others that are learning Spanish. You might even like to make new friends that are native speakers. Anyone with an interest in the language, like you, can be of big help to get you speak like a native. Doing this, you’re forced to try to remember the things you learned, which lets you move forward.
A great way to study another language may be simply to employ a tutor. This way you get a first hands-on experience with a native speaker. They may introduce you to the basics of pronunciation, common phrases, and test you on your skills and memory. This might be for those that have a busy schedule, or simply a student that would like to perfect their spoken language.
A foreign language like Spanish does not have to be difficult to learn, in fact it should be easy to learn spanish at home. There are many different ways that every person learns today through doing, seeing, or hearing at a vocabulary audio. Once you understand how you recall things best you can use this for your advantage. For those that are adventurous, living or visiting the country that speaks Spanish can be something to consider, or consider taking lessons where you live. Learning a foreign language today is not as difficult as it may seem, and it can open up many doors for you just by learning another language.